SALLAR JUMA'A DA WASSU
DAGA CIKIN HUKUNCE-
HUKUNCENTA ( ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﺎ )
Bismillahir rahmanir rahim.
Wassalatu wassalamu ala rasulillah,
Bayan haka:
A nan –da izinin Allah- zamu gabatar da bayanai ne akan "sallar juma'a" da
wassu daga cikin hukunce-hukuncenta,
kamar haka:
Na Daya: Hukuncin yin sallar juma'a da
dalilinsa: Zuwa sallar juma'a farilla ce akan mazaje; saboda fadin Allah madaukaki:
}ﻳَﺎ ﺃَﻳُّﻬَﺎ ﺍﻟَّﺬِﻳﻦَ ﺁﻣَﻨُﻮﺍ ﺇِﺫَﺍ ﻧُﻮﺩِﻱَ ﻟِﻠﺼَّﻼَﺓِ ﻣِﻦْ ﻳَﻮْﻡِ ﺍﻟْﺠُﻤُﻌَﺔِ ، ﻓَﺎﺳْﻌَﻮْﺍ ﺇِﻟَﻰ ﺫِﻛْﺮِ ﺍﻟﻠﻪِ ﻭَﺫَﺭُﻭﺍ ﺍﻟْﺒَﻴْﻊَ { [ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ : ٩]
Ma'ana: (Ya ku wadanda suka yi imani
idan aka kira sallah a ranar juma'a to
ku tafi zuwa ga ambaton Allah, kuma ku bar kasuwanci) [Jumu'a: 9]. Da kuma saboda fadinsa (SAW):
"ﺭَﻭَﺍﺡُ ﺍﻟْﺠُﻤُﻌَﺔِ ﻭَﺍﺟِﺐٌ ﻋَﻠَﻰ ﻛُﻞِّ ﻣُﺤْﺘَﻠِﻢ "( [1]) .
Ma'ana: (Tafiya sallar juma'a wajibi ne
akan kowani baligi). Da kuma saboda
fadinsa (SAW):
" ﻟَﻴَﻨْﺘَﻬِﻴَﻦَّ ﺃَﻗْﻮَﺍﻡٌ ﻋَﻦْ ﻭَﺩْﻋِﻬِﻢُ ﺍﻟْﺠُﻤُﻌَﺎﺕِ، ﺃَﻭْ ﻟَﻴَﺨْﺘِﻤَﻦَّ ﺍﻟﻠﻪُ ﻋَﻠَﻰ
ﻗُـﻠُﻮﺑِﻬِﻢْ، ﺛُﻢَّ ﻟَـﻴُﻜﻮﻧﻦَّ ﻣِﻦَ ﺍﻟـﻐَـﺎﻓِﻠِﻲﻥ "( [2]) .
Ma'ana: (Wassu mutane su hanu kan
barin halartar juma'o'i, ko kuma Allah
ya yi rufi akan zukatansu, sa'annan su
kasance daga cikin gafalallu
rafkanannu).
Annawawiy yana cewa:
" ﻓﻴﻪ : ﺃﻥّ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻓﺮﺽُ ﻋَﻴﻦ "( [3]) .
Ma'ana: (A cikin wannan hadisin akwai
bayani dake nuna cewa lallai sallar
juma'a wajibi ce ga kowani mutum). Da
kuma saboda hadisi mai zuwa bayan
Dan lokaci kaxan , wanda a cikinsa aka ce:
"ﺍﻟْﺠُﻤُﻌَﺔُ ﺣَﻖٌّ ﻭَﺍﺟِﺐٌ ﻋَﻠَﻰ ﻛُﻞِّ ﻣُﺴْﻠِﻢ "...( [4]) .
Ma'ana: (Juma'a haqqi ne na wajibi
akan kowani musulmi…).
NA BIYU: Ga wa juma'a take wajaba?
"SALLAR Juma'a" tana wajaba ga kowani musulmi, namiji, da , baligi, mai hankali, wanda ke da ikon halartarta, mazaunin gida; Bata kuma wajaba ga: Bawa, ko mace, ko yaro, ko mahaukaci, ko maras lafiya, ko matafiyi; wannan kuma saboda faxinsa (SAW):
"ﺍﻟْﺠُﻤُﻌَﺔُ ﺣَﻖٌّ ﻭَﺍﺟِﺐٌ ﻋَﻠَﻰ ﻛُﻞِّ ﻣُﺴْﻠِﻢ ﻓِﻲ ﺟَﻤَﺎﻋَﺔٍ ﺇِﻻ ﺃَﺭْﺑَﻌَﺔً : ﻋَﺒْﺪٌ ﻣَﻤْﻠُﻮﻙٌ، ﺃَﻭِ ﺍﻣْﺮَﺃَﺓٌ، ﺃَﻭْ ﺻَﺒِﻲٌّ، ﺃَﻭْ ﻣَﺮِﻳﺾٌ "( [5]) .
Ma'ana: ("Juma'a" haqqi ne na wajibi
akan kowani musulmi, ya yi ta a cikin
jama'a, sai mutum hudu: Bawa da ake
mulkarsa, ko mace, ko yaro, ko maras
lafiya).
Matafiyi kuma juma'a bata zama wajibi
akansa saboda Annabi (SAW) bai
kasance yana sallatarta ba a halin
tafiye-tafiyensa ba, kuma yinin
ARAFAH –a zamaninsa- ya dace da
ranar JUMA'A, amma tare da haka sai
ya sallaci AZAHAR, ya kuma hada ta da
LA'ASAR.
Amma matafiyin da ya sauka a garin da ake tsayar da juma'a to mafificin lamari akansa shine ya sallace ta tare da 'yan'uwansa musulmai.
Kuma idan da bawa ko mace ko yaro ko maras lafiya ko matafiyi suka halarci sallar juma'a to sallarsu ta inganta, kuma ta isar musu; ba sai sun yi sallar azahar ba.
Na UKKU: Lokacin sallar juma'a:
Lokacin yinta shine lokacin yin sallar
azahar; daga bayan rana ta yi "zawali"
zuwa inuwar kowani abu ta zama kamar tsawonsa; wannan kuma saboda hadisin Anas dan Malik (RA) lallai Annabi (SAW) ya kasance yana yin sallar juma'a a lokacin da rana take
karkacewa([6] ).
Wannan kuma shine abinda aka rawaito daga sahabban Annabi (SAW) daga aikinsu ([7] ). Don haka; duk wanda ya riski raka'a daya kafin lokacinta ya fita to haqiqa ya riski
juma'a, in kuma ba haka ba sai ya
sallaci azahar; saboda fadinsa (SAW):
" ﻣَﻦْ ﺃَﺩْﺭَﻙَ ﺭَﻛْﻌَﺔً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓَﻘَﺪْ ﺃَﺩْﺭَﻙَ ﺍﻟﺼَّﻼﺓ " ( [8]) .
Ma'ana: (Duk wanda ya riski raka'a
Daya daga sallah to haqiqa ya riski
wannan sallar).
NA HUDU: Menene ya haramta a ranar
juma'a? Haramun ne "mamu" ya yi
magana alhalin limami yana huduba ;
saboda faxinsa (SAW):
" ﻣَﻦْ ﺗَﻜَﻠَّﻢَ ﻳَﻮْﻡَ ﺍﻟْﺠُﻤُﻌَﺔِ ﻭَﺍﻹِﻣَﺎﻡُ ﻳَﺨْﻄُﺐُ ﻓَﻬُﻮَ ﻛَﺎﻟْﺤِﻤَﺎﺭِ ﻳَﺤْﻤِﻞُ
ﺃَﺳْﻔَﺎﺭًﺍ"( [9]) .
Ma'ana: (Duk wadda ya yi magana a
ranar juma'a alhalin limami yana
huduba to kamar jaki ne da ke dauke da
laftun littatafa). Da kuma saboda
fadinsa (SAW):
" ﺇِﺫَﺍ ﻗُﻠْﺖَ ﻟِﺼَﺎﺣِﺒِﻚَ : ﺃَﻧْﺼِﺖْ، ﻭَﺍﻹِﻣَﺎﻡُ ﻳَﺨْﻄُﺐُ ﻓَﻘَﺪْ ﻟَﻐَﻮْﺕَ "( [10]) .
Ma'ana: (Idan kace wa sahibinka: Yi
shiru, alhalin limami yana huduba to
lallai ka yi wargi). ''Lagawu'' shine:
magana na barna yasashshe.
Kuma haramun ne mutum ya tsallake wuyan mutane a lokacin huduba ; wannan kuma saboda fadinsa (SAW) ga mutumin da ya ganshi yana qetare wuyan mutane
"ﺍﺟْﻠِﺲْ ﻓَﻘَﺪْ ﺁﺫَﻳْﺖ"( [11]) .
Ma'ana: (Ka zauna saboda ka cutar).
Lallai kuma cikin wannan aikin akwai
cutar da masu sallah, tare da shagaltar
dasu ko hana su sauraron huduba .
Amma shi kuma limami ba laifi ya
tsallake wuyan mamu idan ba zai iya
zuwa wajen minbari ba har sai ya
aikata hakan. Kuma ''makruhi'' ne a raba tsakanin mutum biyu; wannan kuma saboda fadinsa (SAW)
" ﻣَﻦِ ﺍﻏْﺘَﺴَﻞَ ﻳَﻮْﻡَ ﺍﻟْﺠُﻤُﻌَﺔِ ... ﺛُﻢَّ ﺭَﺍﺡ ﻓَﻠَﻢْ ﻳُﻔَﺮِّﻕْ ﺑَﻴْﻦَ ﺍﺛْﻨَﻴْﻦِ ﻓَﺼَﻠَّﻰ ﻣَﺎ ﻛُﺘﺐَ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻪُ ﻟَﻪ ... ﻏُﻔِﺮَ ﻟَﻪُ ﻣَﺎ ﺑَﻴْﻨَﻪُ ﻭَﺑَﻴْﻦَ ﺍﻟْﺠُﻤُﻌَﺔِ
ﺍﻷُﺧْﺮَﻯ "( [12]) .
Ma'ana: (Wanda ya yi wanka a ranar juma'a,… sa'annan ya tafi sallah, bai
rabe tsakanin mutane biyu ba, ya kuma
sallaci abinda aka qaddara masa… an
gafarta masa abinda ke tsakaninsa da
juma'a ta daban –ta gaba-).
NA BIYAR: Da me ake riskar sallar juma'a? Ana riskar sallar juma'a ne da
riskar raka'a guda daya tare da limami;
saboda ya zo daga Abu-hurairah (RA),
daga annabi (SAW) yace:
" ﻣَﻦْ ﺃَﺩْﺭَﻙَ ﻣِﻦَ ﺍﻟْﺠُﻤُﻌَﺔِ ﺭَﻛْﻌَﺔً ﻓَﻘَﺪْ ﺃَﺩْﺭَﻙَ ﺍﻟﺼَّﻼﺓ"( [13]) .
Ma'ana: (Duk wanda ya riski raka'a
guda daga juma'a to haqiqa ya riski
wannan sallar).
Amma idan ya riski abinda ke qasa da raka'a to a nan sai ya sallaci azahar.
NA SHIDDA: Shin juma'a tana da wata
nafila? Juma'a bata da wata sunna ta
nafila da ake sallatarta a gabaninta, sai
dai wanda ya sallaci gamammiyar
nafila gabanin shigan lokacinta babu
laifi ga hakan; saboda kwadaitarwan
annabi (SAW) kan hakan, kamar yadda
ya zo a cikin hadisin Salman (RA) da
ambatonsa ya gabata anan kusa da ke
cewa: (Wanda yayi wanka a ranar
juma'a, … sa'annan ya tafi sallar
juma'a, bai rabe tsakanin mutane biyu
ba, ya kuma sallaci abinda aka qaddara
masa). Da kuma saboda sahabbai (RA)
sun aikata hakan, Sannan kuma ''sallar
nafila'' tana da girman falala.
Sai dai kuma ba za a yi "inkari" ga
mutum ba idan har bai yi sallar nafila
gabanin sallar juma'a ba; wannan
kuma saboda ''sunna ratiba'' ta kan
kasance ne, bayan yin sallar juma'a;
raka'oi biyu, ko hudu, ko shida; saboda
annabi (SAW) ya aikata hakan, kuma ya
yi umurni da cewa a aikata shi; Ya zo
cewa:
"ﻛَﺎﻥ ﻳُﺼَﻠِﻲ ﺑَﻌْﺪَ ﺍﻟْﺠُﻤُﻌَﺔِ ﺭَﻛْﻌَﺘَﻴْﻦِ "( [14]) .
Ma'ana: (Annabi ya kasance yana
sallatar raka'oi biyu bayan ya yi
juma'a), An samu kuma cewa annabi
(SAW) yace:
" ﺇِﺫَﺍ ﺻَﻠَّﻰ ﺃَﺣَﺪُﻛُﻢُ ﺍﻟْﺠُﻤُﻌَﺔَ ﻓَﻠْﻴُﺼَﻞِّ ﺑَﻌْﺪَﻫَﺎ ﺃَﺭْﺑَﻊَ ﺭَﻛَﻌَﺎﺕٍ "( [15]) .
Ma'ana: (Idan dayanku ya sallaci juma'a to ya sallaci raka'oi hudu a bayanta), a wata riwayah kuma:
" ﻣَﻦْ ﻛَﺎﻥَ ﻣِﻨْﻜُﻢْ ﻣُﺼَﻠِّﻴًﺎ ﺑَﻌْﺪَ ﺍﻟْﺠُﻤُﻌَﺔِ ﻓَﻠْﻴُﺼَﻞِّ ﺃَﺭْﺑَﻌًﺎ"( [16]) .
Ma'ana: (Duk wanda zai yi sallah daga
cikinku bayan juma'a to ya sallaci
raka'oi hudu).
Amma dangane da raka'oi shida kuma:
To saboda ya zo daga Abdullahi dan
Umar (RA) cewa lallai shi idan ya
kasance a garin Makka sai ya sallaci
sallar juma'a, to ya kan zakuda gaba sai ya sallaci raka'oi biyu, Sannan ya qara zakudawa gaba ya sallaci raka'oi hudu, idan kuma a garin Madina ya sallaci juma'ar; to sai ya koma gidansa ya sallaci raka'oi guda biyu bayanta, ba
zai yi sallah a masallaci ba, sai aka
masa magana, sai ya ce:
"ﻛَﺎﻥَ ﺭَﺳُﻮﻝُ ﺍﻟﻠﻪِ r ﻳَﻔْﻌﻞُ ﺫَﻟِﻚ"( [17]) .
Ma'ana: (Manzon Allah –SAW- ya
kasance yana aikata haka). Daga abinda ya gabata sai ya bayyana cewa: lallai mafi qarancin ''sunna ratiba ta bayan juma'a'' shine: raka'oi biyu, mafi yawanta kuma shine: shida. Wassu malamai kuma suna ganin cewa: in za a yi ''sunna ratiba'' ranar juma'a a masallaci to sai a sallace ta raka'oi hudu, in kuma a gida za a sallace ta sai a yi raka'oi biyu ([18] ).
Da wannan sai ya zama ana sallatanta akan halaye daban-daban.
NA BAKWAI: Ta yaya ake yin sallar juma'a? Sallar juma'a raka'oi ne guda
biyu, ana bayyana karatu a cikinsu;
saboda Annabi (SAW) ya kasance yana
aikata haka, aikinsa kuma wani yanki
ne na sunnarsa, kuma malamai sun yi
"ijma'i" akan haka. Kuma sunna ne
limami ya karanta ''suratu aljumu'at" a
raka'ar farko bayan ya karanta ''fatihah'', a ta biyun kuma ''suratu
almunafiqun ([19] )'', ko kuma ya karanta ''suratu al'aalah'' a raka'ar farko, a raka'a ta biyun kuma ''suratu
algashiyah ([20] )''; saboda annabi (SAW) ya aikata haka.
Wannan shine abinda ya sauwaqa na
bayanai akan sallar juma'a, da wassu
daga cikin hukunce-hukuncenta, da
fatan Allah ya fahimtar da mu addininsa, amin!
([1]) Abu-dawud ya rawaito shi (lamba:
1371, 3/89), kuma Albaniy ya inganta
shi (Sahihu aljami'i, lamba: 3521).
([2]) Muslim ya rawaito su (lamba:
865).
([3]) Sharhin Annawawiy ga sahihu
Muslim (6/152).
([4]) Abu-dawud ya rawaito shi (lamba:
1054), Albaniy ya inganta shi (Irwa'u
algalil, lamba: 592).
([5]) Abu-dawud ya rawaito shi (lamba:
1054), Albaniy ya inganta shi (Irwa'u
algalil, lamba: 592).
([6]) Bukhariy ya rawaito shi (lamba:
904).
([7]) Ka yi dubi cikin littafin (Fat'hu
albariy, 2/450).
([8]) Abu-dawud ya rawaito shi, (lamba:
875), da Ibnu-majah (lamba: 468), kuma Albaniy ya inganta shi a cikin
(Irwa'u algalil, lamba: 496).
([9]) Ahmad ya rawaito shi (10230),
Alhafiz Ibnu-hajar a cikin Bulugu almaram yace: ''isnadinsa bashi da
laifi'' (Subulu assalam, 2/101-102,
hadisi mai lamba: 421).
([10]) Bukhariy ya rawaito shi (lamba:
394), da Muslim (lamba: 851), ka duba
littafin (Irwa'ul galil, 3/84).
([11]) Abu-dawud ya rawaito shi
(lamba: 1118), da An-nasa'iy (3/103),
da Alhakim (1/288) kuma ya inganta
shi, Azzahabiy ya masa muwafaqa ,
kuma Albaniy ya inganta shi (Sahihu
Ibni-majah, lamba: 910).
([12]) Bukhariy ya rawaito shi (lamba:
910). ([13]) Ibnu-majah ya rawaito shi
(lamba: 1121), kuma Albaniy ya
inganta shi (Sahihu Ibni-majah, lamba: 927, 928).
([14]) Bukhariy ya rawaito shi (lamba:
937), da Muslim (lamba: 882).
([15]) Muslim ya rawaito shi (lamba:
881). ([16]) Muslim ya rawaito shi (lamba: 881).
([17]) Abu-dawud ya rawaito shi
(lamba: 1130).
([18]) Duba littafin (zadu alma'ad,
1/440).
([19]) Muslim ya rawaito shi (lamba:
877).
([20])Muslim ya rawaito shi (lamba:
878).
Jamilu Sani Rarah Sokoto
Fri 09-12-2016
